Nanotechnology in Agriculture -

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown under ZnO and CuO nanoparticles stress

This study reports the inoculation of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium having plant growth regulators for the regeneration of callus from leaf explants of medicinal plant, Stevia rebaudiana. Presence of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in different concentrations results in conferring different kinds of physiology in different regenerants. 1 and 10 mg/L have been declared the best ZnO and CuO nanoparticles concentrations regarding various physiological parameters.

Edible films made from banana starch and curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions

This paper presents the development of an active film made from banana starch incorporated with curcumin-loaded orange oil nanoemulsion. Results showed that inclusion of the curcumin-loaded    nanoemulsions reduced water vapor permeability, given the hydrophobic nature of curcumin. Likewise, elongation at break was also increased due to the plasticizing effect of the nanoemulsion. Results showed that curcumin release is diffusion driven in both aqueous and non-aqueous food simulants,

A novel acetylcholinesterase biosensor for pesticide detection

A novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor based on AgNPs, carboxylic graphene (CGR) and Nafion (NF) hybrid modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) has been successfully developed. AgNPs–CGR–NF possessed predominant conductivity, catalysis and biocompatibility and provided a hydrophilic surface for AChE adhesion. Chitosan (CS) was used to immobilize AChE on the surface of Ag NPs–CGR–NF/GCE to keep the AChE activities. The AChE biosensor showed favorable affinity to acetylthiocholine

Activated nanocarbon production using physical activation by water steam from agricultural wastes

The optimum production conditions by a physical activation method, influence of temperature (850, 900, 950 and 1000 °C), activation residence time (30, 60 and 90 min), and mill rotation (200, 300 and 400 rpm) were investigated using three different raw materials including walnut, almond and pistachio shells. To prepare activated nano-carbon, all the samples were heated up to the final activation temperature under a continuous stream flow of 130 cm³/min and at a heating rate of 3 °C/min and were 

Ginger essential oil nanoemulsion encapsulated by zein/NaCas and antimicrobial control on chilled chicken

An efficient antibacterial nanoemulsion was prepared using zein and NaCas to encapsulate ginger essential oil (GEO). Physical, optical, and mechanical properties as well as the antibacterial activities of GEO nanoemulsion were investigated. At 1:1 mass ratio of zein/NaCas, the GEO nanoemulsion possessed the highest solubility, entrapment efficiency and stability. The GEO/zein/NaCas complex was confirmed by ultraviolet 

The synthesis and analysis of uniformly distributed plasmonic platinum nanoparticles on an array of gallium-doped zinc oxide nanopagodas, showcasing improved photocatalytic performance.

Introduction

Zinc oxide (ZnO), II–VI n-type semiconductor with a direct energy gap of 3.37 eV and a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, is a good candidate material to substitute silicon in pursuit of the next generation electronic and photonic devices. The global interest in the photocatalysis of harmful pollutants stems from concerns about environmental purification and the conversion of solar energy. The majority of photocatalysts employed in the degradation of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment exist in nanopowder form. To eliminate these particulates post wastewater treatment, filtration and/or centrifugation processes are essential. The most studied noble metal/ZnO hybrid nanocomposites are Au and Ag, whereas there are few studies on Pd and Pt. It demonstrates superior and more rapid photodegradation capabilities. Furthermore, they offer the added advantages of convenience and easy recyclability compared to conventional nanopowders and wet solution methods. Additionally, our discussion covers the impact of Pt nanoparticles on the photocatalytic activities of Pt/GZO hybrid nanocomposites, exploring the involved photocatalytic mechanisms.

Utilization of curdlan (CD), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and thyme essential oil for meat preservation

Introduction

The growing consumer preference for preservative-free or naturally preserved food products has prompted the food industry to shift towards incorporating preservatives derived from herbs and microorganisms, as opposed to artificial additives, in their manufacturing processes. This research explores the prospective use of essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents to diminish the presence of prevalent spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in meat and poultry products. The antimicrobial characteristics of plant essential oils stem from key bioactive constituents, including phenolic acids, terpenes, aldehydes, and flavonoids, which are inherent components of these oils. They can be acquired from different plant components, such as buds, flowers, seeds, leaves, roots, peels, fruits, barks, and woods, solely through physical extraction and isolation methods like pressing and distillation. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils is

An alternative to synthetic pesticides against two major storage insects (Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)) of rice by Nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil

To address the health risks associated with chemical pesticides used against storage insects in rice, there is a growing need for safer alternatives. Eucalyptus oil (EO) has emerged as one such alternative. This study focuses on enhancing the effectiveness of EO by preparing nanoemulsions. Various combinations of EO, a surfactant (Tween 80), and water were homogenized to create nanoemulsions. Through centrifugation and various stability tests, the optimal combinations were found to be 1:2 and 1:2.5 (EO:Tween 80) with a 6% EO concentration. The resulting nanoemulsions exhibited droplet sizes of 4.04 nm and 2.27 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) values of 0.37 and 0.77, and zeta

Visual Detection of SNP in circulating tumor DNA using gold nanoparticles

Detecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is tough due to the small DNA pieces (about 150 nucleotides) and the high levels of normal cell free DNA (cfDNA) in the background. They were created a quick and simple method using centrifugation and colour changes with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs- assisted colorimetric assay using gold nanoparticles). This method, combined with isothermal amplification, identifies a specific SNP (G to C mutation) in the KRAS gene, specifically the p.G13D mutation, within ctDNA. Their approach is different from traditional AuNP aggregation assays and incorporates four unique design concepts.

Comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles with that of conventional chemical disinfectants

Introduction

The creation of metal nanoparticles presents quantum-level benefits, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and metal-enhanced fluorescence. In the realm of biological applications, silver (Ag) and gold (Au) have garnered considerable interest owing to their distinctive electrical and optical characteristics. Notably, the noble metal Ag is gaining heightened focus for its extensively documented biomedical applications. Nevertheless, alternative chemical disinfection approaches have persisted as the primary choice, primarily because of challenges associated with generating stable and efficient nanoparticles in the domain of medical hygiene. Concerning the commonalities and distinctions in the bactericidal mechanisms of silver and various chemical disinfectants, it has been suggested that the inhibition of microorganisms occurs through the

The essential oil nanoemulsions derived from Eugenia brejoensis were investigated for their chemical composition and antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas fluorescens

Essential oils (EOs) are increasingly recognized for their potential as natural antimicrobial compounds, making them appealing for use as food preservatives without synthetic additives. EOs, including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, decanal, eugenol, and thymol, exhibit antimicrobial properties by disrupting microbial cell membranes. Eugenia brejoensis, also known as “cutia," is an emerging plant species with bioactive potential found in Brazilian tropical regions. However, incorporating EOs into food faces challenges like low solubility in water and potential toxicity.

Evaluation of a recently created membrane incorporating titanium oxide nanotubes and polyethersulfone for water desalination through vacuum membrane distillation

Introduction

Membrane technology is widely acknowledged as a highly efficient separation method, especially in the realms of water/wastewater treatment and water desalination. The incorporation of nanoparticles or nanotubes into polymeric membranes has become a focal point of recent research efforts.

This paper presents a thorough investigation into the performance of a newly developed membrane comprising titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs) incorporated into a Polyethersulfone (PES) blend for desalination through vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). The study explores

Nanoemulsion of cashew gum and clove essential oil (Ocimum gratissimum Linn) enhancing antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

In this research addressing concerns over foodborne illnesses, additives play a crucial role in reducing microbial contamination and extending shelf life. Plant essential oils (EOs) are recognized for their natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Specifically, EO from Ocimum gratissimum demonstrates stability over 12 months, making it a promising industry application. Originating from Sri Lanka, India, Iran, Africa, and Madagascar, Ocimum gratissimum is widely used in folk medicine against various ailments. Despite its medicinal uses, EOs face challenges like low water solubility, strong flavor, and limited stability. Nanotechnology provides a solution, offering improved stability and effectiveness for bioactive compounds in the food industry.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented Theobroma cacao fruit juice and their inhibitory effect on Gastritis causing Helicobacter pylori

Introduction

Helicobacter pylori stands out as a prevalent bacterial culprit in global bacterial infections. Its existence within the gastric lining triggers gastritis, potentially progressing to more severe outcomes such as ulceration or the development of malignant tumors. Despite the availability of treatments, it has been observed that the eradication rate of this microorganism ranges from 65 to 80%. Treatment failures can be attributed to factors such as non-compliance with medical prescriptions, bacterial resistance, and adverse effects of antibiotics. To enhance the tolerability of treatment and increase the eradication rate of this infection, a variety of strategies are essential, with the inclusion of probiotics being noteworthy. This study concentrated on

Nanoemulsion Formulation of Black Pepper Essential Oil Using the Emulsion Phase Inversion Method: Assessment of Antibacterial Activity.

This study explores the potential of Vietnamese black pepper essential oil (BPEO) in nanoemulsion form, prepared via the Emulsion Phase Inversion method, for its antibacterial activity against various food pathogens. BPEO, known for its bioactivities, particularly against common foodborne bacteria, is investigated for its application as a preservative in meat products. Nanoemulsions offer enhanced bioactivity in water-rich environments, making them promising for food preservation. The study aims to leverage the advantages of a low-energy method for formulating BPEO nanoemulsions, emphasizing cost-effectiveness and scalability.

Composition Analysis and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Garlic Essential Oils in Varied Water-Based Delivery Systems: Insights into Organic Solvent, Emulsification, and Self-Microemulsification

Garlic (Allium sativum), native to central Asia, is known for its antimicrobial properties attributed to compounds like alliin. Garlic essential oil (GEO) is utilized in the food industry for its natural antimicrobial, flavoring, and antioxidant characteristics. GEO, obtained through steam or water distillation, contains diallyl sulfide derivatives, contributing to its antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial efficacy of GEO depends on its chemical composition, influenced by garlic cultivar and geographical origin. While in vitro testing typically uses organic solvents, the challenge lies in formulating water-based systems for real

Effects of Copper and Silver Nanoparticle Seed Priming and Foliar Spray on Plant Growth and Thrips Infestation in Capsicum spp.

“Nanoparticle-Mediated Modulation of Plant Growth and Thrips Infestation in Capsicum spp." Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as pepper, is a vital vegetable with high nutritional value, known for its capsaicinoids and natural red colors. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique properties and have diverse applications, including in agriculture for disease reduction, plant protection, and as innovative diagnostic tools. This study explores the effects of seed priming and foliar spray with copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles on Capsicum spp. growth and resistance to thrips infestation. NPs, due to their small size and high surface area, have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plant growth, depending on

“Impacts of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seedling Growth and the Potential Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms."

Increasing global population, climate change, and productivity challenges necessitate sustainable agriculture practices. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a promising solution for enhancing plant growth, seed germination, and defense against pathogens. This study focuses on the application of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized using green tea extract on lettuce seedlings. Lettuce, a widely consumed leafy vegetable, holds significant nutritional value. The eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of CuO NPs presents a potential avenue

Enhancing Bioactive Compound Levels in Habanero Peppers through Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate

The incorporation of fertilizers is crucial for modern crop production, ensuring optimal soil fertility. Zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient for plants, influencing various physiological processes. However, traditional Zn fertilization methods, such as Zn sulfate application, often exhibit low efficiency. In regions like Mexico, where habanero peppers are in high demand, the current production faces limitations due to technology constraints and inadequate fertilizer supply. To address this, optimized fertilization methods, particularly through Zn-based foliar fertilizers, are explored for increased crop yield and reduced

Assessing the Tolerance of Solanum tuberosum Tubers to Silicon Nanoparticles

Introduction: In the context of rapid nanotechnological advancements, understanding the impact of nanoproducts on soil ecosystems, particularly on key components like plants, is crucial. Potatoes, a globally significant crop, directly interact with soil during tuber development, emphasizing the need for comprehensive research in this area.

Nanomaterials in Agriculture: Nanomaterials, such as silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NP SiO2), play a vital role in agriculture. They have been shown to enhance plant germination, improve resistance to various stresses, optimize nutrient metabolism, and promote plant

“Microbial Nanotechnology for Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater“

Introduction

Green nanomaterials, synthesized from microorganisms and extracts of various organisms, have emerged as an eco-friendly solution for pollutant removal. Iron nanoparticles, in particular, stand out due to their redox potential, magnetic susceptibility, and non-toxic nature, making them effective in water treatment.

Membrane-associated nanomaterials enhance membrane properties, including permeability, stinking resistance, mechanical strength, and temperature resistance. Additionally, nano-catalysts play a crucial role in boosting degradation reactions, contributing to more effective effluent removal.

Insights into the recent advances in nano-bioremediation of pesticides from the contaminated soil

Introduction

The extensive use of pesticides in Indian agriculture during the green revolution, particularly between 1967 and 1972, contributed to increased crop production but raised significant environmental and health concerns. Pesticides, with only 1% effectively targeting pests, contaminate soil, water, and air, affecting the entire ecosystem. These chemicals not only enter the food chain but also disrupt soil health by impacting the soil microbiome and enzyme activity. Around 40% of applied pesticides transform into persistent products, posing long-term threats to soil and groundwater. Residues in the food chain harm human health, affecting organs, causing endocrine disruptions, neurological disorders, cytotoxic effects, and mutations.

Ecofriendly Application of Nanomaterials: Nanobioremediation

 Introduction:

Nanomaterials (NMs) find eco-friendly applications in environmental science, particularly in clean water provision and remediation of environmental contaminants. Bioremediation, a process utilizing biological agents like bacteria and fungi to degrade contaminants into less toxic forms, offers economic advantages, high efficiency, and selectivity to specific metals. Common bioremediation technologies include in situ and ex situ methods, such as bioventing, bioleaching, bioreactor, bioaugmentation, composting, biostimulation, land farming, phytoremediation, and rhizofiltration. In situ bioremediation treats contaminants at the site of occurrence, minimizing environmental releases and allowing treatment of larger volumes. Ex situ bioremediation involves excavating contaminated material before treatment, offering faster and more controllable processes for a broader range of contaminants and soil types. Both approaches contribute to addressing environmental pollution efficiently.

Microbe-Plant Interactions Targeting Metal Stress: New Dimensions for Bioremediation Applications

The increase in environmental contamination due to global industrialization, particularly from activities like mining and disposal of hazardous metal effluents, poses a threat to water and soil quality. Heavy metals (HMs), such as lead (Pb), uranium (Ur), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), and chromium (Cr), can disrupt biological processes in plants and animals, negatively impacting plant growth and overall ecosystem health. The hexavalent form of chromium is particularly hazardous and affects agricultural productivity, soil fertility, and water quality. Heavy metal toxicity hampers plant development, nutritional absorption, metabolism, and physiological processes in soils, posing risks to both human health and the ecosystem.

Application of carbon nanomaterial in plant biotechnology

Carbon based nanomaterials have been used to understand development and productivity in plants. Application of carbon nanotubes in agriculture and plant research is still a recent development in nanobiotechnology. Despite the potential application of carbon nanotubes for delivering cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and drugs for their targeted delivery to cells and organs, inhibition of cell proliferation, induced plasma membrane hyper polarization, oxidative stress in various in vitro mammalian cell studies have raised special concern about their toxicity in animals.

Comparing the use of barcode DNA length polymorphisms and fatty acid profiling for detecting adulteration in olive oil.

Introduction:

The global demand for olive oil is increasing due to its popularity as a natural, minimally processed, and phytochemical-rich food product. However, the high price of cold-pressed extra virgin olive oil makes it a target for adulteration with cheaper seed oils. This fraudulent practice poses both economic and health risks, as adulterants may be allergenic or toxic. Traditional authenticity assessments rely on analytical chemistry methods, such as fatty acid profiling, which may not always be effective for minor oil constituents. DNA-based methods, utilizing the plastid genome, have emerged as a promising tool for authenticity testing in olive oil. The PCR-capillary electrophoresis

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) cultivated in soil exhibits enhanced photosynthetic pigments and reduced lipid peroxidation when exposed to ZnO nanoparticles.

Introduction: Nanotechnology has become pervasive in modern life, with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), synthesized at the nanoscale (dimensions below 100 nm), serving as foundational elements in various applications (Reddy et al., 2014, 2016). As these materials are extensively used, they end up in environmental compartments such as soil, water, and air, prompting investigations into their impact on living organisms, particularly terrestrial plants (Pullagurala et al., 2018a,b; Reddy et al., 2017; Ruotolo et al.,

Phytotoxicity and Bioaccumulation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Introduction:

The rapid expansion of nanotechnology has led to increased production and utilization of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) across various industries, raising concerns about their environmental impact. As a consequence of their widespread application, ENPs, including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), are released into the environment, posing potential risks to ecosystems. This has prompted the investigation of nanotoxicity, focusing on the adverse effects of ENPs on various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. Among ENPs, ZnO NPs are extensively used in diverse fields, from ceramics to nanomedicine. However, their potential negative effects on crops, such as Zea mays, Cucumis sativus, and

Impacts of ZnO Nanoparticles on Plants: Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, Antioxidant Defense Deregulation, and Cell-Cycle Arrest

Introduction:

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various products due to their excellent UV absorption and reflective properties. However, their increasing production and wide range of applications raise concerns about their potential environmental exposure and toxicity. This study investigated the toxicity of ZnO NPs in three plant species, Allium cepa, Nicotiana tabacum, and Vicia faba. The results showed that ZnO NPs induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and altered antioxidant enzyme activities in all three plant species. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs have the potential to cause adverse effects on

Nanoparticles and Carrot Health: Impact on Growth, Pigments, Proline, and Disease Resistance

Introduction:  Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a highly valued root vegetable prized for its nutritional content and flavor. Its popularity stems from its rich source of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, making it a valuable dietary addition. Despite its benefits, carrot cultivation faces numerous challenges, including various plant pathogens that significantly impact yield and quality. Key disease culprits include:

Bacterial soft-rot by Pectobacterium carotovorum

New CeO 2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates

Abstract

The study focuses on developing topical skin protectants (TSP) to reinforce skin protection against organophosphates (OPs), with a specific interest in cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. The research examines the effect of adding CeO2 nanoparticles to TSP formulations, the impact of doping CeO2 nanoparticles with calcium, and the effect of two dispersion methods for CeO2 nanoparticles. The study used silicone membranes and Franz diffusion cells for permeation tests. The findings indicate that the addition of pure CeO2 nanoparticles in formulations significantly reduces penetration by a 3-4-fold factor. The study highlights that the O/W emulsion approach is optimal for creating a film-forming coating

Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens

Abstract: The research paper analyzed the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and identified 37 compounds, with eugenol as the major component. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against four gastroenteritis pathogens, showing antibacterial effects with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1-2 mg ml-1 and rapid killing effects within 5 s at four times the MIC against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. Various assays indicated that the essential oil increased the permeability of microbial cell membranes, leading to membrane disruption. The findings suggest that the antibacterial property of the essential oil could be due to its disruptive action on the

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and antioxidant enzymes of Capsicum chinense

Introduction: The research paper investigates the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the germination of Capsicum chinense seeds and the growth of resulting plants. The study found that suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentrations between 100 and 500 mg L^-1 led to increased germination and improved development of plumule and radicle lengths. Additionally, the activities of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes were measured, revealing increased activities of the former two enzymes at all concentrations, while the activity of the latter was reduced at 500 mg L^-1. The research

Phycomolecule-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Phosphorus Supplementation Enhance Plant Growth in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Introduction:

 Nanoparticles under 100 nm have various applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food technology, and environmental protection. Agronanotechnology, including nanofertilizers, offers a solution to optimize soil nutrients like phosphorus and water, boosting crop productivity while reducing fertilizer use and ecosystem pollution. Biologically-engineered nanomaterials are promising for agricultural applications, as they can promote plant growth without causing phytotoxicity. Engineered nanomaterials such as ZnONPs, FeONPs, ZnCuFe-oxideNPs, CaPNPs, and AgNPs have demonstrated growth-promoting effects in various food crops when used as micronutrient fertilizers. Additionally, carbon-based graphene nanoparticles and natural growth-enhancing phyco-compounds from

Utilizing Eco-Friendly Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhancing Growth and Controlling Downy Mildew in Pearl Millet

Introduction: The research paper explores the innovative use of biofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles as an environmentally friendly solution for promoting growth and effectively managing downy mildew in pearl millet. By synthesizing these nanoparticles using a saponin-rich fraction from the aqueous extract of Eclipta alba, the study aims to investigate their impact on seed germination, plant vigor, and disease resistance. Through laboratory and greenhouse experiments, the efficacy of the nanoparticles in enhancing pearl millet growth and combating downy mildew is evaluated. The findings shed light on the potential of these

Impact of Parthenium-Derived Vermicompost and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth and Yield of Arachis hypogaea L. in Zinc-Deficient Soil

Introduction:

 The research study investigates the impact of utilizing Parthenium-based vermicompost and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth and yield of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut plants) in zinc-deficient soil. Zinc is a crucial micronutrient essential for various plant functions, including germination, chlorophyll production, and reproductive processes. The experiment aims to elucidate how the application of these innovative agricultural inputs influences the growth profile and productivity of peanut plants in soil lacking sufficient zinc

Synthesis of Nano Zinc Oxide Using Green Methods and Assessment of Its Effects on Germination and Metabolic Activity in Solanum lycopersicum

Introduction: In this research they explores the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract and its effects on plant growth and activity. The study highlights the benefits of using biological methods for nanoparticle synthesis, which are cheaper and do not involve the use of toxic chemicals, high energy, temperature, and pressure. They also discusses the methods used to confirm the formation and size of the nanoparticles and presents key findings regarding the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the germination and metabolic activity of Solanum lycopersicum.

The Impact of ZnO Nanoparticles on Photosynthetic Pigments and Lipid Peroxidation in Soil-Grown Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)

Introduction:

Nanotechnology has revolutionized various aspects of modern life, with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) playing a pivotal role in diverse applications. As a result, the environmental impact of ENMs, particularly on terrestrial plants, has become a subject of significant interest and debate. This study focuses on the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (N ZnO) on cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) plants cultivated in soil, aiming to elucidate the potential benefits and risks associated with nanotechnology in agriculture. The growth of the nanotechnology industry has led to concerns about the environmental implications of ENMs,